Cutting apparatus



May 4, 1943.

5. E. BQYNTON CUTTING APPARATUS Filed June- 10. 1941 4 Sheets-Sheet lINVENTOR S. E. EOy/VTON 0r v E\RC'WIILM ATTORNEY 3 4 a 2 k a 3 V4 2/ m Hw u w M M 2 May 4, 1943. s. E. BOYNTON CUTTING APPARATUS Filed June 10,1941 4 Sheets-Sheet 2 INVENToR s. E. ear/v TON y 1943- s. E. BOYNTON2,313,050

CUTTING APPARATUS Filed June 10, 1941 4 Sheets-Sheet 5 NYE/V TOR 5.5.way/v ram ATTORNEY Patented May 4, 1943 fi Ti -I ggF'liCi oo'rrmoAPPARATUS Stanley E. Boynton, Westfieli N. J., assignor to WesternElectric Incorporated,

New York, N. Y., a corporation of NeW York Application June 10, 1941,Serial No. 397,399

l9 Glairns.

plates are usually cut by the aid of a diamond edge saw from quartzcrystal blanks. Due to the brittle nature, the granular structure andthe natural hardnessofquartz crystal blanks, the cutting of plates ofdefiniteand uniform thickness therefrom is quite difiicult andpainstaking. The crystal plates cut from the crystal blanks must be cutwith the grain of the blank and when the plates are rather thindifiiculties arise in avoiding breaking the plates before thecut iscompleted.

An object of the invention-is to provide acutting apparatus which isparticularly adapted for efficiently and accurately cutting plates fromquartz crystal blanks.

With this and other objects in View, the invention comprises a cuttingapparatus including a work or quartz crystal table for the supportthereof which, in addition to being mounted for movement intovariousangular positions relative to a driven cutting element, is caused tomove arcuately through a cutting operation by the element andsimultaneously oscillated to cause substantially point contactbetweenthe element and the work, means also being provided toshiftthesupport after each cutting cycle to position the work for anew cut.

Other objects and advantages will be apparent from the followingdetailed description when taken in conjunction with the accompanyingdrawings,- wherein Fig. 1 is a side elevational View of the app tus;

Fig. 2 is a top plan view of the apparatus, portions thereof beingbroken away;

Fig. 3 is a fragmentary sectionalyiewtaken substantially along the line3-3 ofFig 2;

Fig.4 is a side elevational view of the apparatus, portions thereofbeing removed to .illustrate thetable and oscillating mechanism in theforwardposition;

Fig. 5 is a side elevational .view of the apparatus similarto Fig-4.showing the tableancl its oscillating mechanismin its rearmost position;

Fig. 6 is a fragmentary sectional .view substantially along the line.6-6 of Fig. 2; Fig. 7 is a fragmentary sectional view substantiallyalong the 1ine-1..1.of Fig. 2;

taken taken Fig. 8 is a fragmentary detailed'view illustrating therelative position of the" table and the'cutting element at theb,cginning of a cutting cycle;

Fig. 9 illustrates the relative position of the Work a d t P tt n elemea n re 9 n os la or mprement e Work;

Fig. 10 is a fragmentarydetailed view illustrating the relativepositions of the Work and the Quttingelement at the other end of theoscillatory movement Of the .work;

Fig. ,11 is a sji li flll al view of the work illustratinga.com'pletedcut; v

' Fig. 12 is a simple diagram illustrating the electrical as well as thepneumatic control means for the mechanism moving the work isiipporting lo Fig. 13 is a diagram illustrating an operating cycle of the apparatusand the points during which various portionsof the tructure function toautomatically carry out the operation of the apparatus; and

Fig. 14 is a fragmentary sectipnal view taken along theline .l 4jl l .of Fig. 1.

Referring-now to the drawings, attention is first directed to Figs. 1and 2, .which illustrate a hollow base ll] rnounted uponasuitablesupport, such as a table L, and having spaced frames,indicatedgene fallyat lz and l s,;mb iinted thereon by anysuitablenieans (not shown) The .frames l2 and 1,3 areidenticalinstructure'exceptirig that one, the frame l2, ir'night be called aright-hand frame .while the other ncigl'lt be al w tan f am du bathe fct t channel members of whichthe frames are composed have theiropensides facing :outwar dly.

In each frame there are yertical channel members Hand ioin datihsirlpwxt emi .by interposed channelrnembers 'lllying upon the upper surface ofthe base jI -i), .whilethe upper extremitiesof the channel members 15and '16 of .each frame are joined by a diagonally proi ing h nn .niembe"l8 a ustra e in 1. Shaft supportingbrackets 2| of the contourillustrated in Figs. ;1, .3, f4 a ce re t downwardly in the hollow upperportions of 'their respective vertical rnembers l5 of each frame, wh e har s qirel ri dlvby any suitable means such as screws. Similar shaftsupporting brackets 22 projectdownwardly in the-hollow portionsoftheirrespective vertical frame members lfiand aresimilarly secured "inplace. A

suitable shaft :23 extends through the brackets 2 1 and has huts 24Qthreadedly disposed upon threaded. ends thcreofto secure the shaft'against d spl cement A. a min l f ig l il i ad d one side by washers 32and on the other side by sleeves 33, the latter abutting against thebearing brackets 2|. As illustrated in Fig. 3 and also in Fig. 2, theends of the sleeve 36 have flanges 34 apertured for screws 35 and 35 tosecure the flanges to their respective pendulum lever 28, the screws 35extending through apertures in the levers and threadedly secured torespective end plates 38, closing the ends of the lever and sleeveassemblies on the shaft 23.

Pendulum levers are mounted upon their shafts 25 by the aid of bearingsand with a structure identical with the mounting of the pendulum levers28, upon the shaft 23 and, as illustrated in Fig. 3, including a rollerbearing for each pendulum lever 40, a spacing sleeve 4| (Fig; 2) withflange 42 at the ends thereof to receive screws (not shown) to securethe flanges 42 to their respective pendulum levers 40 and also to theend plates 43, completing the mounting structur for the pendulum levers45 identical with that of the pendulum levers 23.

Returning now to the pendulum levers 23, it will be observed that theselevers are joined by an intermediate reenforcing member or plate 45. Thelower ends of the lovers. 23 are bent forwardly, providing substantiallyhorizontal portions 41, in the ends of which stub shafts 48 are mounted.The stub shafts 48 assist in supporting rocker arms 53 short of the endsthereof, as illustrated in Fig. 2. These arms extend rearwardly from thestub shafts, are bentinwardly toward each other at like angles for shortdistances, as indicated at 5| (Fig. 2), and are then provided withapertured portions 53 lying in parallel planes at right angles to theshafts 231 and 25. The portions 53 of the rocker arms 5|] are disposedon bearings similar to the roller bearings 3| in Fig. 3 but not shown,for here again a structure is provided which is identical to themounting of the pendulum levers 28. This structure includes a shaft 54,similar in structure to the shaft 23, sup- 7 porting near the endsthereof the bearings upon which the portions 53 of the rocker arms aredisposed and provided with a spacing sleeve 55 of like structure to thespacing sleeves 30 and 4|, with end flanges 55 apertured to receivescrews not shown but similar to the screws 35 and 35 of Fig. 3 to securethe flanges 56 of the spacing sleeve 55 to the portions 53 ofthe rockerarms 55 and also to end plates 51, closing the ends of this assembly.The outer ends of the shaft 54 project through the lower ends of thependulum levers 4!] and receive nuts 53 and look washers 59 to securethe pendulum levers against displacement on the shaft 54 yet permitrelative movement between the shaft and the pendulum levers.

The forward portions of the rocker arms 55, that is, those portionsextending forwardly from the stub shafts 48, support stub'shafts 55which in turn support bearings 6|, similar bearings 52 being alsoprovided for the supporting of the stub shafts 48 in the lower ends ofthe pendulum levers 28. A support 63 has end portions 34 projectingmember in any desired position relative to the support 63.

The table supporting member 69 is of the contour illustrated in Figs. 1and 2 and has angularly projecting or dovetail portions 15 extendinglongitudinally thereof and receivable in a dovetail groove 15 (Figs.,land 8) of a table 18. The table 78 has a downwardly projecting portion19 (Fig. 8) with a threaded aperture therethrough to serve as a nut fora traversing screw 32. Th table 78 is, therefore, connected to thesupporting member 69 through the dovetail portions 15 and the dovetailgroove 16, which permit the movement'of the table relative to thesupporting member 69 by rotation of the traversing screw 85. The upperportion of the table 18 is square in general contour, having a raisedcircular portion 83 providing a flat surface upon which work 84, whichin the present instance is a quartz crystal blank, may be mounted by anysuitable means such as cement, indicated at 85 in Fig. 8. The circularportion 83 of the table has .a central shank 8| extending through anaperture in the table proper 18 to support the portion 83 for circularadjustment. A hand-operated lock screw 86 carried by the table ispositioned to engage the shank 8| to lock the portion in any'desiredposition.

Attention is now directed to the traversing screw and the mechanism forcausing rotation thereof. The ends of the traversing screw 85, which arefree of threads, are journalled in portions of the table supportingmember 69 and provided with suitable means, such as head member 31, tohold the adjusting screw against longitudinal movement. A worm gear 88(Fig. '7) is mounted upon the traversing screw adjacent one end thereofand interengages a worm 89.

' The worm 89 is fixedly mounted upon a shaft 90,

the latter being journalled i-n bearings 9| of a housing 92 formed as apart of the table supporting member 69 and covered with a plate 93. Theforward end of the shaft 90 (Fig.2) projects through the housing 92 andhas a hand Wheel 94 mounted thereon for manual rotation of the shaftand, through the worm and worm gear, manual actuation of the traversingscrew 80.

' The other end of the shaft 35 has a universal joint 85 connecting itwith a portion 91 of a telescopingshaft indicated generally at 98. Theother portion 99 of the telescoping shaft 98 is tubular incross-section, permitting axial movement of the shaft portions 91 and 99relative to each other yet are. provided with key or spline connections(not shown) assuring simultaneous rotation one with the other. The shaftportion 99 is connected to a shaft ||l| through a universal joint I52.The shaft ||l| is journalled in bearings of a base member I04 (Fig. 6),the latter being rigidly mounted upon the spacing sleeve 55. The otheror rearward end of the shaft |U| has a gear I55 mounted for freerotation thereon and which interengages a pinion, I55 of a motor shaftI01. The motor shaft ID! is from a motor I08 mounted upon the supportI04.

-oscillated during such cuttingoperations.

Returning again to the'shaft I IJL-a free wheeling clutch IE9 is mountedthereon and formed to causepositive connection between the gear I [I andthe shaft .IOI when the motor is driven in one direction but to allowthe gear 125 to rotate freely on the shaft when the motor is driven inthe opposite direction. The clutch I09 is ofthe conventional typeillustrated in Bulletin #131, March 2, 1937, in a catalog published bythe Hilliard Corporation, Elmira, New York, entitled The Hilliard LineClutches and Couplings. In view of .the fact that the clutch Iiillis ofawell known commercial type, it is believed that a detailed illustrationand description of this clutch is not necessary as long as its functionis made clear. The function of "the clutch, as stated above, is to'causepositive connection between the gear I35 and .the shaft Ifll when themotor is driven in one direction and toallowthe gear I05 to rotatefreely on the shaft when the motor is driven in the opposite direction.

When the motor I58 is driven in one direction to cause the clutch I59.to function, lateral adjustment of the table "I8 is brought about.However, during rotation of the motor I38 in the e opposite direction,means is actuatedto cause oscillatory movement of the table I8 throughsimilar movement'iinparted to the support 63. The forward end of themotor IIiShas a driving connection with a lateral shaft H2 upon whicheccentric .I I3 is mounted. The driving connection between the motor I58and the shaft II2 is not shown but this may be composed of suitablegears disposed in the housingof the motor, to cause rotation of theshaft II2 approximately R. P. M. A link I14 (Figs. 1, 2 and 6) has oneend connected to the eccentric H3, while the other end, which has aright angle bend therein as shown in Fig. l, is pivotally connected, atII5, to a bracket I 56, the latter being mounted upon the rear wall ofthe support 63 adjacent thecenter thereof. Therefore, during rotation ofthe motor I98, the shaft H2 is rotated with the eccentric H3, impartingmovement to the link H4 which, through the bracket IIB, will impart anoscillatory movement to the support'63 and the table 18 through thepivotal supporting means for the support 63, namely the stub' shaftsfill.

Attention is now directed to a outin element I20 which is rotatablymounted upon ashaft I2I of a motor I22, the latter being supported bybearing brackets I23 connected to the base IE) and formed to housebearings for the shaft IZI. The cutting element I29 may be of anysuitable structure, which in thepresent instance is of the type used forcutting stone. A guard I24 is mounted to partially house the cuttingelement, as shown in Figs. 1 and 2, and a suitable lubricant may bedirected through the guard to the cutting element from a supply lineI25. It will be understood that the cutting element is disposed at afixed position and that the work is moved relative thereto.

Description has been given as to how the table 18, supporting the work84, maybe moved laterally to position the workfor successive cuts by thecutting element and how the table may be A tention is now directed tonneof the means to .move the tablerelative tothe cutting element,

namely the table return moving means which conditions the table feedingmeans for actuation.

' The table return moving means includes an arm I28integral with one ofthe pendulum levers,

the cheat" the left (Fig.2) ,"attentforr also'being directed to Figs. 1,4 and 5, the iunctureof the arm I28 with its lever 40 being adjacent theshaft 25. The'arm I28 is bent, as illustrated in Fig. 2, to present itsouter-end to.a piston rod I29, a pivotal-connection being providedbetween the armand the piston rod. The pistol rod I129 isconnected to apiston I 30 (Fig. 12) which is disposed in a cylinder I3I, the latterbeingpiv- 'otally supported 'at.I 32 (Figs.4 and-5) to a bracket -I33,the latter being mounted uponthe base It]. The-cylinder -I 3|is'provided with air under pressure from a supply .line I34 through thecontrol of electricallyoperatedvalve I35 (Figs. land 12) disposed in theline. When the valve I35 is opened, this takin place at a time when thepiston I30 is in itsuppermost position, air under pressure will besupplied to the cylinder above the piston to move the piston downwardlyat a speed controlled by a needle or pressure relief valve I 36. Throughthis movement of the piston the piston rod I29 will be moved downwardly,imparting movement to the arm I28 to move the pendulum levers (Figs. 1,4 and 5) forwardly (clockwise) from the position show-n in'Fig. 5 to theposition shown in Fig.4, this movement imparting motion to the pendulumlevers 28 through the rocker arms to move the support 63 together withthe table 18 into its starting position, as illustrated in Fig. 4. Thisconstitutes means for imparting areturn movement to the table and thework thereon relative to the cutting element I25.

Means is provided to counter-balance the pendulum levers not onlyintheir return movement but in their feeding 'movement, which willhereinafter be described. The counter-balancing means includes a tensionspring I37 which has its lowerend'connected to a hook I33 fixed to thebase I6, the upper end of the spring being connected-to an adjustablecoupling I39 which connects this end of the spring pivotally, as at mil,to an arm MI. The arm Mlls formed as an integral part of the otherpendulum lever 40, that is the onedisposed at the right (Fig. 2), and isof the shapeillustrated in this figure to position the spring I37 beyondthe adjacent frame i2. During the oscillatory movement of the pendulumlevers-46, moving the table with the work relative to the cuttingelement, the pivotal connection I40 of-the arm MI and the spring I3! aremoved from one side of a dead center, vertically aligned with the shaft25, to the other side'thereof, to assist in moving the pendulum leversineither direction they are travelling as soon as the pivotal connectionI40 passes the dead centerpoint. The spring I31, therefore, functions tocounter-balance the pendulum levers, adding its force to the movement ofthe levers in either direction to bring about constant speed in themovement of the table and its work relative to the cutting element.

Attention is now directed to the means for moving the table and itsassociated structures in the feeding direction to move the work relativeto the cutting element, to cause the cutting element to cut a paththrough the work. This feeding means includes a spring I44 whichprovides the force to move the table and its supporting structures inthe feeding direction. The spring I44 has one end connected to a bar155, the latter being adjustably connected to a wall of the base It),the-spring also being partially housed in the base. The other end of thespring is provided with a circular coil I46 throughv which a ro'd iI-4I-eXt-en'ds. -The rod I4I- is threadediand extends through a sleeveI48, where the rod is provided with nuts I49 which cooperate with therod in providing an adjustmentto vary the force of the spring I44. Theouter end of the rod I4! is connected to a strip I59 which extendsalmost completely about an eccentric-like block II, where its inner endis fixed to the block by suitable means such as screws I52. The blockI5I is of the contour shown in Fig. 1 and is mounted upon a shaft I53which is journalled in suitable bearings (not shown) disposed in asleeve I54 (Fig. 2), the latter being supported by arms I55 of a bracketI56 mounted upon the rear wall of the base III. As illustrated in Fig.2, the shaft I53 is of sufficient length to extend to a position nearthe center line of the apparatus, where a substantially semi-cylindricalelement I58 is mounted thereon for rotation therewith. The element I58has a strip I59 fixed thereto, as at I68 (Fig. l), and extends inwardlyto a point where it is fixed to a pin I6I (Fig. 2), the latter beingrotatably supported in the end of an' arm H32 supported by or madeintegral with the sleeve 55. Through this structure it will be apparentthat during the return movement of the table and its associatedmechanism the sleeve 55 is moved forwardly with the arm I62, the pin I6Iand the strip I59, causing rotation of the element I58 and the shaft I53a definite distance to cause expansion of the spring I44, through. theblock I5I and the strip I58, conditioning this means, including thecreation of a desired force in the spring, to function in imparting afeeding motion to the table and the work when the proper time in theoperating cycle of the apparatus arrives.

ture such as woven fabric, sheet metal or the like. Duringthe rotationof the shaft I53 oscillatory movement is imparted to a plurality ofswitch arms I63, I64 and I85 to operate switches I66, I61 and I68,respectively, the function of these switches being hereinafterdescribed.

Attention is now directed to Fig. 12, which illustrates a simpleelectrical circuit to control the motor I08 and the valve I35. Supplylines I19 and I'll lead into a magnetic switch I72 the operation ofwhich is controlled through a manually operable switch I133. The valveI35 is operated through the energization of a coil I'I5 which isincluded in an electrical circuit when a relay I16 is energized to closea switch Ill. The relay I15, however, is under the control of the limitswitch I6! (Figs. 2 and 12) When the limit switch I6? is closed, throughthe actuation of its respective switch arm I65 (Figs. 1 and 12) acircuit is completed from the magnetic switch I12 through conductor I79,the switch I61, the relay I15, back to the switch I12, to conductor I86.The energization of the relay I16 will close the switch I'I'I,completing a circuit through the coil I through connection with theconductors I19 and ml), respectively.

The motor I88 is electrically connected to the source of electricalenergy, that is the leads I78 and I'll, through the switch I12, by anelectrical circuit which includes an electrically operated reversingswitch indicated generally at I82, a thermo time delay relay I83 and anautomatic time switch I84 in addition to the limit switches I68 and I66.The thermo time delay relay I83 is in the present instance of acommercially known type illustrated in a Catalog E, page 24E, entitledRelays-Timers published by Struthers Dunn Inc., Philadelphia, Penn.Furthermore, the automatic time switch is in the present instance Thestrips I58 and I59 may be of any suitable strucof a commercially knowntype known as type TSA-lO, illustrated on page 341 of Catalog GEA-62OAentitled Electrical Equipment for Industry published by General ElectricCompany. The automatic time switch is electrically connected to theswitch I'I2 through conductors I86 and I8! and connected respectively toconductors I19 and I89. Through this switch the time in which the motorI98 is energized is controlled. The length of time desirable for theenergization of the motor depends upon the distance of movement of thetable during each half of the cycle for the size of work or blankcrystal being cut, and to cause the motor to function in conjunctionwith the table moving means, which is under the control of the magneticvalve I35. The switch I82 is moved into the position shown by a relayI88 and into a reversing position by a relay I89. The relay I83 disposedin the reversing circuit controlled by the relay I89 causes the motorI88 to rotate in a reverse direction for a limited time to render theclutch I99 operable to cause operation of the table cross feedmechanism. The reversing of the motor is further controlled by the limitswitch I56 through each switch arm I63. The limit switch I68 functionsat a desired interval during the operation of the apparatus, to causeresetting of the automatic time switch I84.

Attention is now directed to Fig. 13, which illustrates the functioningof different features of the apparatus during each cycle of operationthereof beginning at the extreme left of this figure, which point mayrepresent the beginning of the operating cycle. From this point thetable starts its feeding movement by means of the spring I44. At a pointshortly spaced therefrom, representing an interval of time, the motorI88 is energized to cause its rocking motion of the table I8. Thiscontinues throughout the feeding motion of the table, moving the workrelative to the cutting element. At the center of the table movingcycle, the limit switch I87 operates to open the valve I to admit airunder pressure to the piston I38, causing return movement of the table.The piston I38 and the mechanism associatedtherewith act to limit thespring I44, stopping the feeding motion of the table and causing thereturn motion thereof. The motor I58 continues to oscillate the tableduring the return movement thereof excepting for a short distance nearthe end of such movement, indicated in Fig. 13, where the motor isstopped. At this point the limit switch I68 is operated to reset theautomatic time switch I84. At the completion of the return movement thelimit switch I56 is closed to start the motor in reverse direction,causing the clutch I69 to function to operate the mechanism to bringabout a cross feeding of the table to position the work for a new cut bythe cutting element. This cross feeding of the table is represented by ahorizontal line connecting the end of the return movement with the pointrepresenting the beginning of the next operating cycle. At this point,that is, at the beginning of the next operating cycle, the valve I35 isclosed to render inoperative the means for returning the table and forholding the table in the forward position, which in turn renders thespring I44 effective to start the feeding movement of the table. At thispoint the motor I98 is also stopped by the time delay relay, tocondition the motor for starting in the opposite direction to againbegin its oscillatory movement of the table.

With the diaphragm shown in Fig. 13 as a guide, the operation of theapparatus may be more clearly understood. Let it be assumedthat thetable I8 with its associated mechanism is in the forward positionshownin Figs. 1 and 4; the table having been moved laterally for a new cut inthe work. To start the table in its feeding direction the valve I35 isclosed, rendering the hydraulic means associated therewith inoperativeto further move the table forwardly or to hold the table in its forwardposition and render the spring I44 effective to begin the feedingmovement of the work toward the cutting ele ment. The force of thespirng I44 will create a pull on the strip I50 (Fig. l), causingrotation of the shaft I53 through the association-of. the block I5I,causing simultaneous rotation of the element I58, which in turn createsarearward pull on the strip I59. The pull on the strip I59- is appliedto the arm I62 (Figs. 2 and 4), causing rearward movement of thesleeve.- 55. The sleeve 55, through its shaft 54, causescounterclockwise movement of the pendulum levers 28 and, through therocker arms, causes counterclockwise movement of the pendulum levers 40;These movements of the pendulum levers about their shafts 23 and 25'create an oscillatory movement which is imparted to the support 63supported between the forward ends of the rocker arms 50. The combinedmotions of the pendulum levers results in the movement of the table It,andv the work mounted thereon, throughv an arc represented by the bottomof a; cut I92 illustrated in Fig. 11. Therefore, the movement imparted.to the table by the cooperation of the pendulum levers about theirindividual axes moves'the' work through the arc to cause the cuttingelement to leave an uncut portion beginning at an edge indicated at I93(Fig. 11) and ending at an edge I94, the intermediate portion, however,increasing in thickness between these edges to a sufficient thicknessadjacent the center to support the thin plate being cut from the blankduring the complete cutting operation and. until all of the cuts in theblank have been completed. In cutting work such as quartz crystal, it isimportant that unnecessary friction between the cutting element and thework be eliminated, to avoid burning. To avoid this difliculty whilemaking a straight out through a quartz crystaLw-herethe periphery of thecutting element will engage the work for a considerable distance, it isnecessary to reduce the speed of rotation of the cutting element andthus the resulting speed of operation of an apparatus, to eliminate ahigh degree of friction and burning. This di'fiiculty is eliminated andthe friction is reduced to aminimum by imparting an oscillatory orrocking movement to the table and thus to the work during the feedingoperation. Such movement is imparted to the table and work through themotor I08, its eccentric I I3, the link I I4 and the bracket I I6,which, during the energization of the motor,

will oscillate the support 63 about its pivots,

namely the stub shafts 60, rocking the table I8 and the work 84 to movethe work from the position shown in Fig. 9, where the cutting elementengages the work at substantially a point contact at the bottom of theout, to a position, illustrated in Fig. 10, where the cutting elementengages the work at substantially a point contact at the top of a cut.Similar point contacts are made between the cutting element and the workthroughout the rocking or oscillatory movement of the work relative tothe cutting element from the'point illustrated in Fig. 9' to the pointillustinually imparted to the work throughoutthe trated inFig. 10. Thisoscillatory motion is confeeding operation as well as the returnmovement excepting for the intervals of time during each portion of theoperating cycle which exist at the beginning of the feeding movement andat the end of the return movement when the motor I is deenergized.During the feeding movement of the table the spring I 31 functions tocancel the weight component of the pendulum levers, to render the springI44 effective to apply a constant force in moving the work toward thecutting element throughout the feeding movement.

The rotation of the shaft 153, through the force of the spring I44,imparts movement to. the switch armsIGB, I54- and IE5 mounted thereon,these arms being adjustable to vary the time during the operating cycleof the apparatus for the actuating of their respective limit switches.At a; selected time during the feeding movement of the apparatus, thelimit switch IG'l isclosed, causing energization of the relay H5 toclose the switch I'II (Fig. 12), resulting in the energization of thecoil I to open. the valveI3-5. When the valve I35 is opened air underpressure is admitted to the cylinder ISI, forcing the piston I 30downwardly, which movement is controlled by the needle or pressurerelief valve I36 at the bottom of the cylinder, to cause movement of thearm I28. The arm I28, as illustratedin Fig. 5, will be moved clockwise,imparting similar movement to the pendulum levers 4'9, and through theassociation of the rocker arms 55, impart clockwise movement to thependulum levers 28. In this manner the table l3 with the work is movedfrom the position shown in Fig. 5 tothe position shown in Fig. 4,returning the work to the starting position, moving the work. in thesame arcuate path that it travelled during its feeding movement. Whenthe table has been returned to its starting position the valve I 35remains open to hold the spring I44 ineffective to move the table untilthe lateral adjustment of the table has been completed. The lateraladjustment of the table is brought about through the limit switch I55,reversing the motor I68 through the relay I89 and starting the operationof the thermo time delay relay I83. The motor I03 remains energized inthis reverse direction under the control of the relay I83, causing adriving of the pinion we and the gear 35 in reverse directions also.This rotation of the gear I05 results in rendering the clutch Iii-9'effective to operatively connect the gear I55 to the shaft lEl'I,causing rotation of the telescoping shaft 98 to rotate the worm 89(Figs. 2, 6 and 7). The rotation of the worm 8!! causes rotation of theworm gear 88 and similar rotation of the adjusting screw 85. Through therotation of the adjusting screw a nut I9 (Fig. 8) is caused to travellaterally to the eft (Fig. 2) a-dist-ance controlled by the relay I83to: move the work 84 laterally a distance desirable for the next out.When this has been accomplished the relay I33 will close the circuit tothe motor I53, deenergizing the motor and thus stopping lateral motionof the table. At this time the valve I35 is closed, rendering the springI44 effective to again move the table through the feeding cycle of theoperation of the apparatus.

Mention was made during the previous feeding cycle of the spring I3!cancelling the weight component of the pendulum levers torender thespring, I 44 efiective' to apply a constant force to the materialthroughout the feeding cycle.

The spring I31 functions inthe same manner during the return movement ofthe table, assisting the pneumatic means, namely the piston I30 and itsassociated parts, to apply a constant force in moving the table and thework to the starting position.

It will be understood that during the operation of the apparatus themotor l22 remains energized, causing continuous rotation of the cuttingelement, during which time a suitable lubricant may be applied theretothrough the supply line I25.

Prior to the cutting of the crystal blank the blank is examined todetermine the direction of the grain therein and the blank is marked toindicate the same. After the blank is mounted on the table, the table isadjusted to cause the direction of the grain of the work to be parallelwith the cutting element. This adjustment may be brought about throughthe loosening of the wing nuts 13 (Fig. 1), loosening the bolts 13 (Fig.14) to permit desired movement of the table supporting member 69relative to the support I53 which is controlled by the arcuate ribs ofthe former, riding in the arcuate groove of the latter, and the similarmovement of the bolts ill to the desired position, after which the wingnuts 13 may be tightened to secure the table supporting member in theadjusted position on the support. 7

During the operation of the apparatus, it will be understood that twooscillatory movements are imparted to the table, one through thecooperating movements of the pendulum levers and their associated rockerarms to cause formation of the arcuate cut through the work, asillustrated in Fig. 11, the other oscillatory movement being repeatedlyapplied to the work to constantly shift the point of engagement of thework with the cutting element to cause the arc of the cut to be greaterthan the engaging arc of the cutting element, to result in substantiallypoint contact between the cutting element and the work. Furthermore, themoving means to move the table relative to the cutting element closed ismerely illustrative and may be modified and departed from in variousways without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention aspointed out in and limited only by the appended claims.

What is claimed is:

1. In a cutting apparatus, a rotary cutting ele: ment, a table tosupport work to be cut by the element, means to move the table relativeto the element to cause the work to be cut thereby, a power means, meanscontrolled by the power means to cause a swinging ,.movement of thetable with the work through an arcuate path while the work is being cutby the element, and means controlled by the power means to causeadjustment of the table laterally of the element to position the workfor a new cut.

2. In a cutting apparatus, a rotary cutting element, a table to supportwork to be cut by the element, means to move the: table relative to theelement to cause the work to be cut thereby, an

operable reversible power means, means controlled by the power meanswhen operating in one direction to cause oscillatory movement of thetable and work, and means controlled by th power means when operating ina reverse direction to cause adjustment of the table laterally of theelement to position the work for a new cut.

3. In a cutting apparatus, a rotary cutting element, a table to supportwork to be cut by the element, means to move the table relative to theelement to cause the work to be cut thereby, an operable reversiblepower means, means controlled by the power means to cause oscillatorymovement of the tabl and the work, and means actuable only when thepower means is operating in one direction to cause adjustment of thetable laterally of the element to position the work for a new cut.

4. In a cutting apparatus, a rotary cutting element, a table to supportwork to be cut by the element, an arm to support the table, a levermovable arcuately about a center to cause movement of the arm and tablein a path, the said center being disposed'upon one side of the saidpath, and means to cause the arm to move the table and work relative tothe element and through an arc having a center disposed the side of thesaid path opposite the first mentioned center.

5. In a cutting apparatus, a rotary cutting element, a table to supportwork to be cut by the element, an arm to support the table, a levermovable through an arc concaved in one direction, and means cooperatingwith the lever to cause movement of the arm to move the table with thework relative to the cutting element through an arc concaved in adirection substantially reverse to the direction of the concaved arc ofthe lever.

6. In a cutting apparatus, a rotary cutting element, a table to supportwork tobe cut by the element, an arm to support the table, a pair oflevers to support the arm, separate pivotal supporting means for eachlever positioned relative to each other and the arm to cause theirlevers,

when moved to travel through similar arcs and cause the arm to move thetable with the work through a substantially reverse are relative to thecutting element, and means to move the levers. r r

'7. In a cutting apparatus, a, rotary cutting element, a table tosupport work to be cut by the element, an arm to support the table, aplurality of pivotal supports, levers suspended from the supports andconnected to the arm in such a manner that movement of the leversthrough similar upper concave arcs will cause the arm to move the tablewith the'work through a lower concave are relative to the cuttingelement.

8. In a cutting apparatus, a rotary cutting element, a table to supportwork to be out by the element, feeding means to move the table with thework, from a starting position, in a feeding direction relative to theelement to effect a cut by the element in the work, additional means torender the feeding means inefiective, return the table with the work tothe starting position and hold the table against a feeding movementuntil the table is moved laterally relative to the element, and means tomove the tabl laterally to position the work for a newcut therein by theelement.

9. In a cutting element, a rotary cutting element, a table to supportwork to be cut by the element, feeding means to move the tablewlth thework, from a starting position, in a feeding direction relative to theelement to efiect a cut by the element in th work, means to causeoscillatory movement of the table and work relative to the element tocause substantially point contact between the element and the Work, andreturn means to render the feeding means ineffective and to return thetable with the work to the starting position.

10. In a cutting apparatus, a rotary cutting element, a table to supportwork to be out by the element, feeding means to move the table with thework, from a starting position, in a feeding direction relative to theelement to effect a cut by the element in the work, means to causeoscillatory movement of the table and work relative to the element tocause substantially point contact between the element and the work,additional means to render the feeding means ineffective, return thetable with the work to the starting position and hold the table againsta feeding movement until the table is moved laterally relative to theelement, and means to move the table laterally to position thework for anew cut therein by the element.

11. In a cutting apparatus, a rotary cutting element, a, table tosupport work to be cut by the element, feeding means to move the tablewith the Work, from a starting position, in a feeding direction relativeto the element to effect a cut by the element in th work, means to causeoscillatory movement of the table and work relative to the element tocause substantially point contact between the element and the work,additional means to render the feeding means ineffective, return thetable with the work to the startin position and hold the table against afeeding movement until the table is moved laterally relative to theelement, and means rendered effective upon the return of the table andwork to the starting position to move the table laterally to positionthe work for a new out therein by the element.

12. In a cutting apparatus, a rotary cutting element, a table to supportwork to be cut by the element, feeding means to move the table with thework, from a starting position, in a feeding direction relative to theelement to effect a cut by the element in the work, return means torender the feeding means ineffective and to return the table with thework to the starting position, lateral moving means to shift the tableto position the work for a new out by the element, and means renderedeffective during the feeding means to render the return means effective.

13. In a cutting apparatus, a rotary cutting element, a table to supportwork to be cut by the element, feeding means to move the table with thework, from a starting position, in a feeding direction relative to theelement to effect a cut by the element in the work, return means torender the feeding means ineffective and to return the table with thework to the starting position, lateral moving means to shift the tableto position the work for a new cut by the element,

and means rendered effective during the return element, a table tosupport work to be cut by the element, feeding means to move the tablewith the work, from a starting position, in a feeding direction relativeto the element to effect a cut by the element in the work, return meansto render the feeding means ineffective and to return the table with thework to the starting position, lateral moving means to shift the tableto position the work for a new cut by the element, means renderedeffective during the return means to render the lateral moving meanseffective, and m ans to limit the lateral moving means to limit thedistance the table and the work are moved laterally relative to theelement.

15. In a cutting apparatus, a rotary cutting element, a table to supportwork to be cut by the element, feeding means to move the table with thework, from a starting position, in a feeding direction relative to theelement to effect a cut by the element in the Work, return means torender the feeding means ineffective and to return the table with thework to the starting position, lateral moving means to shift the tableto position the work for a new cut by the element, and means to limitthe lateral moving means to limit the distance the table and the Workare moved laterally relative to the element.

16. In a cutting apparatus, a rotary cutting element, a table to supportwork to be cut by the element, an arm to support the table, a leversuspended from a pivot and movable arcuately thereon to cause movementof the arm and table with the work relative to the cutting element,means to apply a force to the lever to cause movement thereof, and meansto cancel the weight; component of the lever to render the moving meanseffective to apply a uniform force to the lever.

17. In a cutting apparatus, a rotary cutting element, a support for workto be cut by the 7 element during a cutting operation, means to move thesupport through an arc to thus feed the work to the element during thecutting operation, means operable to rock the support through anotherare during the cutting operation to minimize the contact between thematerial and the element, means operable after the cutting operation tomove the support to position the work free of the element, and means tomove the support relative to the element to position the work for a newcut by the element.

18. In a cutting apparatus, a rotary cutting element, a support for workto be out by the element during a cutting operation, means to move thesupport through an arc to thus feed the work to the element during thecutting operation, a power means, means actuated by the power means torock the support through another are during the cutting operation, meansoperable after the cutting operation to move the work support toposition the work free of the element, and means actuated by the powermeans to move the support relative to the element to position the workfor a new cut by the element.

19. In a cutting apparatus, 'a rotary cutting element, a table tosupport work to be cut by the eieinent, an arm to support the table foroscillatcry movement relative thereto, means to impart movement to thearm to move the table with the work relative to the cutting element tocause the work to be cut thereby, and means actuable during the movementof thetable and Work with the arm to oscillate the table and workthrough an are relative to the arm and cutting element during thecutting of the work.

STANLEY E. BOYN TON

